Origins of the Biblical Flood of Genesis and the Flood of Gilgamesh :: Epic Gilgamesh essays

Flood stories study been a common pull back in many religions across the globe. One of the stories we be most familiar with in our culture, the tosh of Noahs Ark, is a well-known segment of the old testament, and an evoke story of how God punished the world for how corrupt it had become. God accomplished this by inundate the world, and annihilating all the creatures upon it, save for Noah and his family and a pair of separately type of creature on the earth . This story, however, has substructures deep in the past, some of which have only come to light with the development of new archaeologic techniques and technology. As more and more is found out about the era from when this story originates, discoveries are made as to the origin of the story, what tale it was based upon, and as to the authenticity that such an event may have actually even occurred, if on a somewhat undersizeder scale. Based on the information acquirable at the present time, one can make fairly confide nt inferences as to the root of this story. One could argue that the story of Noahs Ark was based on the Epic of Gilgamesh, and that in turn was based on older stories that were based on a real natural spring of the Black Sea. The story of Noahs Ark was starting line written as part of the old testament by the Jewish people. However, it is predated by cold by the story of the Epic of Gilgamesh, a story that originated in the same area that holds many striking similarities to the tale of Noahs Ark. Though the story was modified to accommodate new characters, many properties of the story are similar, from small details like the creatures used as scouts to the religious purpose of the flood itself. For example, two the flood stories start with the characters receiving specific building instructions for a ship, which is to be used to spare the lives of one set of pairs of the creatures of the world. The dimensions of the ship underwent some drastic changes however, quite perhaps b ecause the dimensions of Gilgameshs boat were rather unreasonable Equal shall be her width and her length . Both Gilgamesh and Noah received 7 days notice, and after the flood ceased, both employed doves and ravens as scouts to determine if the land was dry even so (Gilgamesh also employed a swallow, but the results of its trip did not greatly differ from the scratch trip of the dove in Noahs tale ).Origins of the Biblical Flood of Genesis and the Flood of Gilgamesh Epic Gilgamesh essays Flood stories have been a common thread in many religions across the globe. One of the stories we are most familiar with in our culture, the story of Noahs Ark, is a well-known segment of the old testament, and an interesting story of how God punished the world for how corrupt it had become. God accomplished this by flooding the world, and annihilating all the creatures upon it, save for Noah and his family and a pair of each type of creature on the earth . This story, however, has roots deep in the past, some of which have only come to light with the development of new archeological techniques and technology. As more and more is found out about the era from when this story originates, discoveries are made as to the origin of the story, what tale it was based upon, and as to the authenticity that such an event may have actually even occurred, if on a somewhat smaller scale. Based on the information available at the present time, one can make fairly confident inferences as to the root of this story. One could argue that the story of Noahs Ark was based on the Epic of Gilgamesh, and that in turn was based on older stories that were based on a real flood of the Black Sea. The story of Noahs Ark was first written as part of the old testament by the Jewish people. However, it is predated by far by the story of the Epic of Gilgamesh, a story that originated in the same area that holds many striking similarities to the tale of Noahs Ark. Though the story was modified to accommo date new characters, many properties of the story are similar, from small details like the creatures used as scouts to the religious purpose of the flood itself. For example, both the flood stories start with the characters receiving specific building instructions for a ship, which is to be used to spare the lives of one set of pairs of the creatures of the world. The dimensions of the ship underwent some drastic changes however, quite possibly because the dimensions of Gilgameshs boat were rather unreasonable Equal shall be her width and her length . Both Gilgamesh and Noah received 7 days notice, and after the flood ceased, both employed doves and ravens as scouts to determine if the land was dry yet (Gilgamesh also employed a swallow, but the results of its trip did not greatly differ from the first trip of the dove in Noahs tale ).

The Education of Nineteenth Century Women Artists :: Essays Papers

The Education of Nineteenth Century Women ArtistsThe formal education of women artists in the United States has taken quite a long journey. It wasnt until the nineteenth atomic number 6 that the workings of a recognized education for these women fin on the wholey appeared. Two of the most famous and elite schools of art that accepted, and still accept, women pupils are the Philadelphia School of Design for Women and the public address system Academy of the Fine Arts (the PAFA).Up until the early nineteenth century, women were mostly taught what is now called a fashionable education (Philadelphia School of Design for Women 5). Their mothers raised them to be proper, infantile ladies and expert housekeepers in expectation of marriage. If these women were fortunate enough to receive some kind of formalized schooling, they were to study penmanship, limited aspects of their mother language, and very small(a) arithmetic (Philadelphia School of Design for Women 5). Unfortunately, t his small degree of education was extremely constrictive to women. If they never married or were widowed at a young age, they really had no place to go. This form of womens education created generations of women that were almost entirely dependent on their husbands and male relatives.During the nineteenth century, when the feminist movement was beginning, galore(postnominal) schools were established specifically for the education of women, such as the Philadelphia School of Design for Women, and also for the education of both. In the beginning, womens art schools mostly taught pupils practical applications of art. For example, female person art students often studied drawing and lithographing, in hopes that they would be hired by industrial companies as designers. The Philadelphia School of Design for Women was one of the first all womens art schools to establish this form of education.Founded in 1844 by a woman named Sarah Peter, the Philadelphia School of Design for Women wa s a school like none that had occur before it. Peter was a wealthy woman of stature and decided to start this school in one of the rooms of her mansion and to hire a teacher to hold regular classes for women in art and design. (As a wonderful incentive for all women, tuition was free for the poor and the wealthy paid a very small sum.) Sarah Peter saw how truly poor the traditional education for women was and she strongly believed that every woman should stand by her sex, thus her logical thinking for establishing this soon to become famous art school.

Evolution :: essays research papers

Evolution is a force than nothing can escape. Communities evolve constantly and although there is no standard of where a society should be at any given moment, communities evolve individually. Then in reaction to a developing community, people grow and change. Then in reaction to people evolving the tools that people use develop. This constant evolving usually happens so gradually and slowly that it is hard to detect. As we look back we can see the evolution is a major component of our lives. By focusing mainly on what a person needs to be an active member of society in the hot England area we can see exactly how evolution takes its toll on us. Comfort, necessity and luxury are a constantly changing aspect of our society.As we look deeper into the constant changing of what a person needs to be an active member of a community we notice the continuos alteration of what exactly defines a comfort a necessity and a luxury. Comfort by rendering is a condition of pleasurable ease or we ll being. By that definition there are endless numbers of object that could serve as a comfort. Take national transportation for example. The thought of having the train that takes us into the metropolis is a commonly know option. Not always have people been able to choose public transportation as a method of getting to and from. Dating as far back as 1889 when the first method of public transportation was developed in Massachusetts. Before this the thought of having a motorcoach or train run to the main areas of a community was absolutely unheard of. But in todays society there are many people who depend of the train or bus to get to work or to school or wherever it is they are going. When exactly did public transportation change from a luxury to a comfortable part of society? We can not exactly put a date on it but as you look back in time with me we can see how slowly and unnoticeably a societies way of life can change. In conclusion a comfort to us now was at one point and ti me a luxury to the communities who discovered the amazing attributions that have so nicely shaped our society today.Secondly we can take this observation a little closer to today. If we look at the definition of necessity we find that it nitty-gritty pressing or urgent need.

Dawsons Creek Value :: essays research papers

A seminal one-hour drama series, Dawsons Creek chronicles with dry humor the undeniably intense period of awakening known as the teenage years. A startlingly fresh and realistic approach to adolescence, bringing an edgy, corking perception to the turmoil of that time in life, Dawsons Creek in its first two seasons ranked as one of the highest-rated shows among female teen viewers. vex in a picture-postcard Boston suburb, just off of the Atlantic Ocean, this coming-of-age series explores the blooming self-awareness and growing pains that go hand-in-hand with the triumphs of growing up. Wisely intelligent and even so naively open, four teens are at the heart of this drama as they unknowingly embark on the road less traveled, going against the norm in the paths they choose.Together in this passage from adolescence to young adulthood, the series stars James Van Der Beek (Varsity Blues), Katie Holmes (GO, Disturbing Behavior, Teaching Mrs. Tingle), Joshua Jackson (The Skulls, urban Le gend) and Michelle Williams (Dick, Halloween H20). John Wesley Shipp (Sisters), Mary-Margaret Humes (History of the World, Part I), Nina Repeta (Radioland Murders), Mary Beth Peil (The King and I on Broadway), Meredith Monroe (Dangerous Minds the series) and Kerr Smith (Flight 180) also star. listless to how well he is growing into his good looks, Dawson Leery (Van Der Beek) is a teenaged Steven Spielberg fanatic who is charmingly obsessive and passionate about his love of movies. As he returns to Capeside for his junior year of high school after spending the entire summer in Philadelphia with his mom (Humes), Dawson must face the rift with his longtime vanquish friend. Joey Potter (Holmes), the tomboy and emerging beauty who lives down the creek with her sister Bessie (Repeta), is still reeling from her break-up with Dawson and what she perceives as his ultimate betrayal in turning in her come for dealing drugs.While Dawson tries to embrace a saucyfound devil-may-care lease on l ife, the ever-sarcastic Pacey Witter (Jackson) has been grounded somewhat by his tumultuous relationship last year with Rhode Island shift Andie McPhee (Monroe). Next door to Dawson, Jen Lindley (Williams) has moved back home with her Grams (Peil), along with Andies brother Jack (Smith). On the home front, Dawsons dad (Shipp) starts a new position as Capeside High Schools new varsity football coach.Together, these friends learn that growing up is never as easy as it seems in the movies. Blindly testing the waters towards young adulthood, the astute teens shed their childlike innocence and endure the compromise of morality that accompanies so-called maturity.

Physics of Firearms Essay -- physics gun guns firearm ballistics

Shooting is a popular activity and it is enjoyed by many people, so much so that it is also done at a competitive level. Although many people may have shot a firearm of some sort, few of those people actually realize how much physical science is involved with the shot. So what exactly is Ballistics? Ballistics is the science or study of the motion of projectiles and in the case of most firearms, these projectiles argon the bullets. There are two things that affect the flight of a bullet once it has been shot out of the gun. These things are the drag of short letter on the bullet and the force of sombreness acting upon the bullet.The force of gravity acting upon the bullet is always in a constant direction, which is down, at a rate of 9.81m/s2. However, the force of air drag on the bullet is not always in a constant direction. This is because the trajectory of the bullet changes, so the direction of air drag on the bullet also changes.So what is it that determines the trajectory of the bullet once it has left the barrel? Aside from gravity, it is the weight, shape, and velocity of the bullet...

Essay --

As of 2012, approximately 400,000 people in the United States have been key outd with MS, with 10,000 new cases being diagnosed each year. Worldwide, MS affects between 1.5 and 2.5 million people. (Davidson, Fallon, Slomski & Cataldo, 2013, p. 2228). With statistics like this many people have encountered individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this report is to describe in detail this disease and how magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice to diagnose. The DiseaseMS is an autoimmune disease. This means that the bodys immune system attacks normal tissue. Immune cells attack and obliterate the myeline sheath that surrounds neurons found in the star and spinal cord. Myelin is an important component of neurons beca workout it acts as an insulator. Myelin sheaths help electric signals travel efficiently from the brain to areas of the body, and speeds transmission and prevents electrical activity in one cell from short-circuiting to another cell (D avidson et al., 2013, p. 2228). MS attacks these myelin sheaths and disrupts the efficiency of that signal. It can be compared to a radio receiver transmission. When myelin is working properly, one can hear a clear broadcast. However, when myelin is attacked and destroyed the transmission is no longer clear. It is jarbbled, hence, it alters and disrupts the message. When myelin is destroyed it turns into home run tissue called a plaque. This plaque will appear as small round areas of gray neurons without the white myelin covering (Davidson et al., 2013, p. 2228).CausesThere is no cognise reason to explain why the body starts attacking its own myelin sheaths. Though there has been much research, researchers have not been able to pinpoint a trigger. However, through this resear... ...em, because cortical bone does not produce a signal in MRI. This area is often obscured on CT because of the beam hardening artifact. The use of gadolinium better differentiates and increase s sensitivity in detecting lesions. Diffusion-weighted imaging also gives MRI the ability to determine the age of lesions or differentiate acute from continuing ischemic changes (Pierce & Dubose, 2012). In conclusion, MS is a disease affecting many individuals. It can shorten the individuals lifespan, but many treatment options are available to help cope with the symptoms. MRI is an evolving modality as it was just introduced in the 1990s and many advances have been made in the past check of years. MRI is more sensitive than CT in detecting changes in the white matter of the brain. That is why MRI is the modality of choice to help diagnose a case of Multiple Sclerosis.

Essay --

As of 2012, approximately 400,000 people in the United States have been diagnosed with MS, with 10,000 new cases being diagnosed each year. Worldwide, MS affects between 1.5 and 2.5 million people. (Davidson, Fallon, Slomski & Cataldo, 2013, p. 2228). With statistics equal this many people have encountered individuals with quadruplicate Sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this report is to describe in detail this disease and how MRI is the modality of choice to diagnose. The affectionMS is an autoimmune disease. This means that the bodys immune system attacks normal tissue. Immune cells attack and obliterate the myelin sheath that surrounds neurons found in the brain and spinal cord. Myelin is an important comp mavennt of neurons because it acts as an insulator. Myelin sheaths help electric signals travel efficiently from the brain to areas of the body, and speeds transmission and prevents electrical body process in one cell from short-circuiting to another cell (Davidson et a l., 2013, p. 2228). MS attacks these myelin sheaths and disrupts the efficiency of that signal. It can be compared to a radio transmission. When myelin is working properly, one can hear a clear broadcast. However, when myelin is attacked and destroyed the transmission is no longer clear. It is jarbbled, hence, it alters and disrupts the message. When myelin is destroyed it turns into scar tissue called a establishment. This plaque will appear as small round areas of gray neurons without the white myelin covering (Davidson et al., 2013, p. 2228).CausesThere is no known reason to explain why the body starts attacking its own myelin sheaths. Though there has been much research, researchers have not been able to pinpoint a trigger. However, through this resear... ...em, because cortical lift does not produce a signal in MRI. This area is often obscured on CT because of the beam hardening artifact. The use of gadolinium better differentiates and increases predisposition in detecting lesions. Diffusion-weighted imaging also gives MRI the ability to determine the age of lesions or differentiate acute from chronic ischemic changes (Pierce & Dubose, 2012). In conclusion, MS is a disease affecting many individuals. It can shorten the individuals lifespan, but many treatment options are available to help grip with the symptoms. MRI is an evolving modality as it was just introduced in the 1990s and many advances have been made in the past couple of years. MRI is more subtle than CT in detecting changes in the white matter of the brain. That is why MRI is the modality of choice to help diagnose a case of Multiple Sclerosis.

Men Better Leaders Than Women

Leadership is real important in our human life in day no matter what slide by when living in a society or others else. What meaning of leadership we know? It is the activity of leading a group of people or an organization, or the ability to do this. That is a definition we should know before we discuss more details about it, when we talk about leadership first commonly we wonder who the recrudesce leader between men and women. In my opinion, I chose men the best to take as a leader. There are several(prenominal) reasons why I chose men from women as a leader.First of all we can say that men has a good leader than women because men has a better leadership style then other, leadership style is a most important thing that criteria to be as a leader professional, physical and amiable strength of a man better than women we can see today men have been much more successful in other flavor he try to take small thing very perfect in decide maker before give the one instruction or rule, that why to be a good leader must have that criteria to successful in their commitment.Different than women she just judge the thing without the impact to the future this enigma not too good as a professional leader, Beside that women is an emotional human than men so every day they are have some mood that can influence their commitment different than men is a strong and courageous in all aspect that happen to her every day that can manage all problem so effective.Men are committed to their job than women for as a good leader committed is a very need in a person to guide his subordinate easily. Apart from that men have a best communication skill when as a leader, a good communication skill to be more confidence level that he is a good leaders than women

How to Lose Belly Fat and Get a Flat Stomach Essay

In this article we fork over a series of victuals rules that you must follow if you appetency to overleap weight and get a flat stand. Then we watch some specific advice for men, women, teens and seniors and finally cover the lifestyle factors and exercises which are motifed to bind a healthy weight. We then review some of the weight loss advice from major publications over the last decade. At the end of the article you will control links to several of our fitness workouts that will help you to dawdle weight. Knowing how to lose tum make out is the first step in gaining that flat tum that so some(prenominal) people aspire to. Once the fat is lost you are only one step away from attaining the ultimate dream, six clique abs.However, even a thin layer of loose belly fat buns be hard to shift. If you are looking for advice on how to lose confirm fat then following these tips and tricks will help you to lose that gut quickly. Combined with a fitness plan, these tips to lose belly fat will rush up weight loss and get you in shape in no time. Not everyone wants a washboard abs, but if you skillful want to nice down some inches around the waist and get a flatter stomach, these tips wad really help you. Remember that central obesity is bad for your health and that losing belly fat flash backs risks of take aiming more(prenominal) serious health issues in the future such as diabetes and heart disease.Diet Rules To Reduce Visceral round out / Belly FatSay Goodbye to Belly Fat1. Throw Out The Junk Food Reduce Sugar and Saturated Fat To lose stomach fat you have to throw out the junk food You are what you eat, so dont eat junk. Do not give junk food like cookies, chips, sweets and other similar products in your house. Junk food and addiction to scrape is considered to be the greatest cause of belly fat today. There are some foods that cut down belly fat which will help you, but you still have to control calories. If you do not have these bad f oods lying around, you will not think about them and after sometime, you will break the bad eating habits. Most weight loss plans provide great nutrition advice and motivational tips to help you keep your healthy diet on track and this is essential for losing belly fat. But, why is junk food so bad? Mostly it is due to the high sugar content of junk food. Most junk food consists of refined carbs and sugar, which when eaten quickly raise business line sugar levels, leading to reduction in fat burning and increase in appetite.2. Carbohydrates and Losing Belly Fat down in the mouth GI Carbs are Best Consumption of simoleons is essential for losing belly fat, but thither are good carbs and bad carbs. Refined flours and the foods that they create, such as white bread, pasta, donuts, cakes and biscuits (yes, biscuits cause weight gain) should be avoided. They can cause bloating, poor digestion, and lead to accumulation of fat, which is the opposite of how to lose belly fat Good carbs, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, should be eaten instead. Slow deliver breads are also beneficial, such as oats, brown rice, some pulses and sweet potato.A diet that takes most of its carbs from fruits and vegetables, as opposed to refined flours, is healthier. Read our Low GI Diet eBook to exact how the glycemic index help you to lose weight. Ideally granary or wholemeal bread should be eaten instead of white bread, and biscuits / cookies and cakes should be avoided. Consuming too much carbohydrate can bump up your insulin level, which can slow down your metabolism. Your body cannot metabolize too much carbohydrate at once because the body does not need so much energy at once.The excess sugar from the carbohydrates will undecomposed turn into stomach fat. Much research has shown that adopting the Atkins Nutritional Approach, i.e. a high fat/protein diet, is the way ahead to lose weight fast. Avoiding carbs increases the fat burning metabolism (lipolysis), which helps to re duce belly fat to get a flat stomach. Combine your meals with a good mixture of protein, carbohydrates and vegetables. Your source of protein should be in the size of a deck of cards the carbohydrates in the size of your palm and the major bulk of your meals should come from vegetables, ideally low GI vegetables.(advertisement)3. The Natural Way to Lose Belly Fat corrode Like a Cave Man Following a natural food idea is a great way to lose belly fat as if combines the rules above, that is you avoid all junk food and all processed food, sugar and saturated fats. Following a Caveman Diet or a Low GI diet are two ways to lose belly fat the natural way. It is meaning(a) that you avoid gimmicks and pills when try to lose weight. You need to make a lifestyle change and carry on eating a healthy diet and exercise after you lose weight. Systems such as the HCG Diet and Lemonade Cleanse / Maple Syrup Diet may aid fast weight loss initially but in the long-term there is a much greater risk of putting the weight back on again.4. No More Late Night Snacks Stop Comfort eatingTry not to have late night snacks. The main problem with late night snacking is that there is not much activity done afterwards. mass go straight to bed right after the late night meal because they are tired. So, this will cause high sugar levels in the blood stream and no energy spent after that. The excess sugar will only turn into belly fat very quickly. You can reduce you hunger and food cravings by following a low glycemic diet. Fluctuations in blood sugar causes increases in appetite. Losing stomach fat requires a strict diet so avoiding hunger is essential. Late night snacking is often emotional eating and not eating to nourish.5. Drink Less alcoholic drink To Lose Weight diminution alcohol consumption. If you drink a lot, you will accumulate fat around your waist. Excess alcohol consumption can really give you a belly. get hold of you seen people who are slim all over but have a beer b elly sticking out? Well, that is the effect of excess alcohol consumption. Alcohol does not contain any nutrients at all. So, all the energy consumed through alcohol will be stored as belly fat If you want to lose weight fast then you need to stop drinking for a while. You do not need to give up alcohol completely, but just drink in moderation. Do not drink everyday and limit yourself to just one glass of wine or one bottle of beer. (advertisement) lifestyle Changes To Help Lose WeightGet Faster ResultsFree Weight passage GuideSuper Fitness jutsLow GI Diet Plan31 Day Fat Loss1. Turn Out The Lights Before BedSleep research has shown that sleeping with a light on, even just a dim night light, is enough to cause changed to appetite. Researchers found that subjects that sleep with a light on gain more weight. 2. Exercise for Weight Loss Burn Fat With Cardio and Weights Exercise is vital for weight loss and long-term health. Exercising has an immediate effect on weight, in that as you exercise you burn energy (mostly glycogen stored in muscle tissue). The body replaces the lost energy by breaking down sugar reserves in fat cells.This is why we lose weight (fat) when we exercise. Exercise also helps build muscle and this means that your metabolism is raised permanently. Finally, the more exercise you do, the fitter you get. The fitter you are, the more you can exercise and the more calories you burn. If you do not know how to get started, find a fitness class, hire a personal trainer or learn from or guides. If you want to exercise by yourself then books exercise can help (there are some old but free books on gymnastic exercises here). We have a growing selection of advice and articles to help you get fit here at MotleyHealth.com.3. What is the Best Exercise to Lose Belly Fat?The dubiousness that is so often asked has finally been answered by sports scientists. Researchers from the Duke Uni Medical Center have found that aerobic exercise is more effective at bu rning intuitive (belly) fat than weight training. Visceral fat is the least healthy of fat too. It causes diabetes, heart disease and some forms of cancer. Resistance training is great for improving force out and increasing lean body mass. But if you are overweight, which two-thirds of the population is, and you want to lose belly fat, aerobic exercise is the better choice because it burn more calories. Dr. Cris Slentz, Duke University Medical Center, 2011.How to Lose Belly Fat with ExerciseThe key to losing belly fat is to exercise often. We suggest exercising at least 7 time per week. If you can fit in 2 workouts a day all the better. Although sports research has indicated that intensive exercise is most effective, this new research suggests that really it is just a matter of burning more calories. So whether you spring or walk makes no difference, so long as you do the work. Sprinting obviously ruin calories quicker than walking but if you can only walk that just means is th at you have to exercise for longer each day. There are many exercise routines that will help you to get a 6 pack once you have lost all your belly fat. However, the most important intimacy is to combine different workouts. Weight training is essential, as building muscle speeds metabolism. Intensive exercise, such as interval training and circuit training burns fat fast.Keep it varied, and you will lose weight. Remember that although stomach exercises will not help you to lose belly fat, they will help to tone the mid-section and develop your abdominals. If exercise is simply not an option for you then you should read the section on How to Lose Weight which explains the role of food, hormones and fat loss. Although diet plays the most important role in losing weight and belly fat, exercise really is essential. Fortunately there are some fitness and weight loss plans that are tailor-made to help people lose belly fat. We have many workouts in our fitness section.

Relevant and Non-Relevant Costs

South Carolina Electric and Gas (SCE&G), a principal subsidiary of SCANA Corporation, makes life convenient by bringing electricity and natural gas to homes and businesses. The company also provides residential, commercial, and industrial builder service firms the energy they need for construction (www.sceg.com). The company also has telecommunications work and other businesses which involve non-regulated energy. To supply electricity and natural gas, SCE&G operates 22 various plants, most of which are coal plants. Today, SCE&G serves nearly 1 million customers in South Carolina (SCE&G Quick Facts).The coal plants of SCE&G emit nitrogen oxide. Also known as nighttime, this is one of the compounds that form smog in the atmosphere. Thus, the company has been making efforts to lower the emission of NOx. Just recently, SCE&G has installed the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) equipment on Wateree pose and Williams Station, the two largest plants of the company to reduce NOx emission . This has cost them $138 million (www.sceg.com). The company has also invested 80 million dollars on equipment for emission and pollution control (Zaleski, 2007).In 2008, the firm has decided to install the SCR equipment on the fight Station as well. The advise, which started on the summer of 2007 and will end on the fall of 2008, will cost the company 69 million dollars (Zaleski, 2007). This amount includes applicable costs (i.e., costs that are significant to a specific decision) such as the cost of the equipment and the cost of installation (CITATION).The previously mentioned expenditures prior to the Cope Station projectthe investment on SCR equipment and on the emission and pollution control equipmentare considered sunk costs. Whether SCE&G would push through with the Cope project or not, the costs of these equipments have already been incurred. Hence, they are irrelevant to the project.SCE&G reported in its statement of projected expenditure that the calculate for the Cop e Station project was $ 26 million (SCANA Corp. 2007-2009 Projection Expenditure, 2007). Since the investment would cost $ 69 million, it would result in a budget deficit of $ 43 million. This implies that the company had to make budget adjustments in order to fund the said project.When the project is complete, it would surely result in clean, safe, and reliable power source for the citizens and industries (Zaleski, 2007). Although it would not bring the company clear financial benefits, by making the plant environment-friendly, the project can further contribute to the healthy relationship of SCE&G with its neighboring communities. Moreover, this may attract newly industries to invest in the area as the environment becomes free of the polluting NOx (Zaleski, 2007).ReferenceAbout SE&G.. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2008 from http//www.sceg.com/en/about-sceg/Builder services. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2008 from http//www.sceg.com/en/builder servicesNitrogen oxides. (n.d.). Ret rieved January 26, 2008 fromhttp//www.sceg.com/en/my-community/environment/air/nitrogen-oxides/residential services. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2008 fromhttp//www.sceg.com/en/residential-services/SCANA Corporation 2007-2009 projections for capital expenditures and cash flows. (9February 2007). Retrieved January 26, 2008 fromhttp//www.secinfo.com/dN11u.u3.c.htmSCE&G quickfacts. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2008 fromhttp//www.sceg.com/NR/rdonlyres/26ADE7BE-0699-41C8-84C7-32C488E5292A/0/SCEGQuickFacts.pdfZaleski, G.. (6 November 2007). SCE&G investing $69 million in Cope plan to reduceemissions. The Times and Democrat. Retrieved January 26, 2008 fromhttp//www.thetandd.com/articles/2007/11/06/news/12812156.txt

Levels Of Achievement Need

Conceptual FrameworkStudy habits and donnish performance of the working students have attracted increased attention among the university teachers and students with the aim of live oning and intellect the reasons, problems and other factors affecting them. This may empower them for lifelong learning to their journey to success hindered by their busy schedules and always no time to their study and academic performance. In Surigao differentiate College of Technology the study habits and academic performance of working students give any positive and or negative impact on their grades depending on how they cope with it.Figure 1.The Research ParadigmThe seek paradigm illustrates the conceptual framework of the study that shows the relationship of the input, process and output of the topic. This framework embodies the specific direction by which the look for will have to be undertaken by describing the relationship between specific variables identified in the study. The input consists of the research method applied in conducting the research regarding the study habits and academic performance of the working students. Qualitative research undertaken to gain insights concerning attitudes, beliefs, motivations and behaviours of individuals to explore a social or human problem and include methods much(prenominal) as focus groups, in-depth interviews, observation research and case studies.The process on the other hand shows how the research being conducted through defining the problem/s of the research first and gather the required data relevant to the research from the respondents through answering the questionnaires. The output as a result, will indicate the commonplace view of the situation on how the behavior and performance of a student relates on their study habit and academic performance. Conclusions are to be made to know and define the outcome of this study and give justification to the research.Statement of the ProblemThis study aims to determine the leve ls of achievement needed and the academic performance of self-supporting student in Surigao State College of Technology particularly the students of Bachelor of SecondaryEducationmajor in English, from first year to third year college students. Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions, 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of their a. sexb. Age c. Monthly Income of their Parents 2. What is the academic performance of working students from first year to third year in all of their major subjects in English? 3. Is in that location significant relationship between academic performance of the respondents and the profile of the students with regardsto a. Genderb. Age c. Monthly Income of their Parents 4. What are the study habits of the first year to third course Collegeworking students? 5. Is there significant relationship between the study habits and the academic performance of the respondents?

Reading Summary of Eric Abrahamson and Gregory Fairchild’s Management Fashion Essay

Thesis While most fads in management technique are short-lived some techniques become institutionalized and evolve and are reshaped to fits current fashions. Exogenous and endogenous forces shape the demand for management- knowledge entrepreneurs to constantly reshape and redefine noetic management processes. Evidence Abrahamson and Fairchilds study yielded findings that help contextualize the concept of management fashion. Lifecycles of a management techniques typically follow a short-lived, bell-shaped, symmetric popularity curve. positive degree feedback on management techniques increases the discourse promoting that technique, making it more diffuse across organizations. Exogenous forces facilitate or suppress fashion niches and endogenous maintain niches. irrational learning suggests that managers seek to find instant-results and cure-all solutions for their management approach, motivated by emotion rather than detailed studies. Whereas real-learning constitutes careful plan ning and evaluation of ideas to produce an legal management technique. LimitationsAbrahamson and Fairchild articulate the negative aspects of constant transience -temporal instability and cross-sectional diversity- but fail to indicate the effects these management fashions have on the institutions in which they are implemented. Do shifting management techniques stunt institution growth, do changing techniques disrupt the markets for the products of these institutions? Questions (1) What causes certain management practices to become institutionalized while others are only passing fads? (2) Are the results of superstitious-learning or real-learning more likely to be adopted? Which is more effective?

Health Literacy Essay

This year marks one of the most significant years in the history of the United States of America. The election of 2008 will set in motion a new era for the US. With a lame duck president currently in office there is a 100 portion chance that things are going to change. One of the hot button electric outlets during the campaign season is health care. However, in order to change health care, the United States mustiness first be health literate person.In order to do so the fol number 1ing should be known the definition of health literacy, what health literacy skills are and wherefore they are important, the history behind health literacy, and how health literacy affects the economy. First, to become health literate one must know the definition of this term. Being health literate does not mean hitting the gym everyday or trying the latest greatest fad diet. wellness literacy can best be define as The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and view basic health info and services needed to light upon appropriate health decisions (2000). It really is sooner basic in definition but is somehow being overlooked in the United States today. The big problem is not that US citizens are devising unwise choices when it comes to health care. The big problem is that US citizens do not know how to get the cultivation about the right wing decisions, process a right or wrong decision or even understand basic information that relates the to health care and other health services.According to the National mesh topology of Libraries of Medicine, health literacy includes the following The competency to understand instructions on prescription drug bottles, appointment slips, medical education brochures, doctors directions and consent forms, and the ability to negotiate complex health care systems (Glassman, 2008). Be wary of the term literacy. Being health literate is not just having the ability to read. health literacy requires a complex group of reading, listening, analytical, and decision-making skills, and the ability to apply these skills to health situations (Glassman, 2008). To know how to put health literacy to work in a country that is moving towards being have-to doe with on the consumer, the consumer must have health literacy skills. It seems as if every trip to the doctors office always starts with a stack of forms, questionnaires, and personal information sheets. From the outset the patients health literacy is being tested. Some other tasks that a patient must do are as follows evaluate information for credibility and accuracy, analyze risks and rewards, calculate dosages, interpret test results, and locate additional health information (Glassman, 2008). It is easy to overlook some of these skills, but the fact clay that a big portion of people in the United States do no possess these skills. Miscalculating a prescription that cost $150 could get bewitching expensive. However, in order to put health literac y skills to the test, the patient/consumer must be visually literate, computer literate, information literate, and numerically literate (Glassman, 2008). So where and when did this big herd for the nation to be literate in health issues come from?In 1998 the American Medical Association (AMA) was the first group to advocate the belief that health illiterate patients affect medical diagnosis and treatments (AMA, 2007). The same article also stated that poor health literacy is a stronger predictor of a persons health than age, income, employment status, education level, and race. Being health literate or illiterate can open you younger or older The biggest push the make the United States a health literate nation might just come from this stat.Individuals with limited health literacy incur medical expenses that are up to quaternion times greater than patients with adequate literacy skills, costing the health care system billions of dollars every year in unnecessary doctor visits a nd infirmary stays (AMA, 2007). That is billions not millions Billions of dollars are lost yearly do to patients missing a doctors visit and follow-up appointments, taking medications of schedule, and not being able to understand take on an empty stomach (Glassman, 2008). Being health illiterate does not impact just the individual, but the society as a whole. Health literacy has a huge roll in the economy. The National Academy on an Aging Society estimated that additional health cost due to a low rate of health literacy was over $73 billion in 1998 dollars (NAAS, 1998). That number would be much larger ten years later. Also, those with low health literacy may have fewer visit to the doctor but end up using more than hospital resources than those who are health literate (Glassman, 2008).Therefore, the more hospital resources used, the more expensive health care becomes. Each individual is not only bear upon their own bank account, but they are also affecting someone elses as well . It is quite startling that a nation as advanced as the United States could be this illiterate when it comes to an important issue like health care. Not being able to answer basic questions on a survey or medical history form is a big problem. Not being able to follow directions on a prescription bottle can end up costing billions of dollars.More importantly, not knowing how to read and follow simple directions like take on empty stomach can end up costing a life. Health literacy is a major issue in this country. It is an issue that has to be addressed. No longer can the United States afford to let billions and billions of dollars be spend unwisely in our health care systems. The evidence is there. Now it is time for a solution. It is time to begin educating people of all socioeconomic status of how to properly report their medical matters.Continuing to ignore a health illiterate nation will only lead to more money being wasted and more people suffering. The time to start a positi ve change is now. Refusing to respond and educate people both young and old will only make United States even more broke and sick. Teaching proper health literacy will not cure any problems, but it can definitely divine service prevent them. References AMA Foundation, (2007, September 04). Health literacy. Retrieved January 30, 2008, from Health Literacy Web situate http//www. ama-assn. org/ama/pub/category/8115. hypertext markup language Glassman, Penny (2008, January 17).Health literacy. Retrieved January 30, 2008, from Health Literacy Web site http//nnlm. gov/outreach/consumer/hlthlit. html The Center for Health Care Strategies and National Academy on an Aging Society, (1998). Fact sheet. Retrieved January 30, 2008, from National Academy on an Aging Society Web site http//www. agingsociety. org/agingsociety/publications/fact/fact_low. html United States Department of Health and Human Services, (2000). Healthy People 2010. Retrieved January 30, 2008, from Healthy People 2010 Web site http//www. healthypeople. gov/Document/pdf/uih/2010uih. pdf.

Kickboxing: Learning and Great Way

I fall into 3 multitudes. People who is warmnessate about sport, play it and love it, and batch who pays attention to the pro. First of all, I fall into the group of the people who is ireate about sport is because when I was a little kid, I never liked doing anything. I thought I dont need sport, it wont give me anything. But my parents wanted me to attend some sport for my possess good. I tried and true lots of sports such as Tennis, Swimming, Biking, but none of them never gave me a passion or inspiration. One day my brothers took me with them to their boxing practice.I sat there and watched e very(prenominal)one working their punches, defense and speed. I started to hold off closely and started to repeat after them. I was hooked just like I got hypnotized. thusly I saw my big brother stepping on the ring, match started and punches went one after another and opponent just dropped like a tree that been chopped in the woods. I got so excited and I thought this is a sport for me. Since I was very super skinny back then, I tried to train in my house on my own, working the punches, and techniques that I knew nothing about.In couple of months I joined Kickboxing association. In couple of years I became more skilled and competitive in my group, and it became passion of my life. Second, I fall into group of people who play and love it because the sport I like is very interesting to me and all my brothers do it and even my friends. We all like a big family. However, when my friend and I get into the argument, we can always take it to the ring and solve everything by just losing or loving the fight, and its a great way to get our anger out. Afterwards, we act like it never happened.Moreover, I love it because it teaches you speed, self-defense, and a great way to stay in shape. Third, I fall in group of people who pays close attention to pros is because when I see two fighters sparing, I look closely at their moves, hits, defenses, and learn from their mistak e so that I wouldnt be a loser when I step into the ring with my opponent. Also, it helpful to learn their combos, which comes very handy in most of the age when I compete against the people whos twice bigger than me. But with skills and good technique that was larn from other pros, opponents dont stand a chance against me.

Best Practices Essay

Historically, minority groups have been ardent supporters of and advocates for spunky-quality human race study. scorch efforts to gain systemic equality in educational policies and practices atomic number 18 well known the battles for equal per-pupil expenditures teachers salaries distance of tame terms expenditures for buildings, facilities, equipment, and books curricular offerings and so on.As a result of these efforts and of political and economic changes across the nation and internationally, get along with has been made with respect to ending legally imposed prepargon segregation, as well as increasing minority participation in discipline for longer periods of time, that is, raising the median years of drilling completed. This paper aims to identify three best practices which assist the educational progress of minorities.Since public school desegregation began in the mid-1960s, urban school improvement is considered to be one of the most contributing factors for t he progress of minorities in educational sector. Black educators and their likeminded allies have increasingly taken the lead in urban school improvement. One facet of this movement has been the study of schools that are effectively educating urban poor black children and do recommendations to other schools that want to replicate effective policies and programs.Researchers like Ronald R. Edmonds, George Weber and Daniel U. Levine began by identifying public schools that were effectively instruct black children and pinpointed their common characteristics, namely strong administrative leadership browsely but flexible atmosphere, tributary to instruction philosophy that acquiring basic academic skills is the first order of business climate of high expectations, and continuous monitoring and evaluation of pupil progress with instructional strategies redesigned as needed (Mohanty, 1994).Achievements of urban school improvements were particularly evident in the middle of 1990s, for in stance the data indicated significant increase in fresh York schools where 70 percent or more of the students achieved reading scores at or above strike off level for three years (Iram & Wahrman, 2003119). The second important practice contributing to educational progress of minorities is psychiatric hospital and further development of various improvement projects targeting directly minority students and their teachers.In the beginning of 1990s for instance, stops instituted a plan for mastery learning in reading to correct the widespread problem of blue reading achievement. The program provided teachers with comprehensive instructional activities, corresponding student learning activities, formative tests for instructional feedback, and disciplinary instructional activities for those students who failed to master objectives. A criterion referenced testing program served as the basis for instruction, promotion, and administrative monitoring (Bjork et al, 1994).The New Jersey Edu cation Association (NJEA) in 1996 instituted a groom Effectiveness homework Program designed to increase student achievement. The results from this program showed lower ply absenteeism, higher participation of staff in instructional decisions, greater involvement of staff in school activities, reduced costs for vandalism, go management, and higher staff and student morale (McNeely, 1985). The final practice, very important in terms of progress performed by minorities in education is giving a preference to buck private schooling than public.It must be emphasized that during the past two decades it has become increasingly apparent that larger numbers of minority adults are selecting nonpublic schools for their young. In their desire to obtain the best possible education for their young, they choose private schools, including minority independent schools. These parents say they believe private schools provide their children with better basic skills instruction, cultivate higher orde r thinking skills, have higher academic standards, and prepare their children for college or the work place more successfully. indoctrinate improvement for them means leaving public schools. As Slaughter and Schneider points out (198617) black parents choice of private schools is less of a rejection of public schooling, and more of an evolution of a new strategy for insuring future levels of sustain and/or upward mobility for the family. Increased minority departure from public schools, however, may mean that the more supportive, motivated, caring, and carry out parents and their children (regardless of income) are not involved in the public school system and that the system is the loser in the process (Henig et al. , 1999).From the critical perspective, minority individuals and communities must consider the costs and benefits of education in nonpublic schools compared with education in public schools not only for themselves, but for the nation at large. At the same time, public schools must make more headway in school improvement if they want to retain the traditional support they have long enjoyed from black families.Many minority students can attain standards of excellence if school improvement policies and programs such as those described above are retained, consistently used, refined, and modified. Individual schools will reveal that their achievement levels and test scores improve, and that many of them can attain local and national norms even if their populations are poor, or black, or Hispanic, or both. These standards can be achieved without excluding any student from an equal opportunity to be educated. Our country still has a long way to go to realize equity in the schoolrooms of our nation. only students need an equal chance to learn, which means providing equity in financing schools and programs providing competent, caring teachers retaining proven, compensatory programs and relating curriculum put down matter to coping with real-life situat ions and problems. References Bjork L. et al (1994). Minorities in Higher Education, Oryx Press Henig J. , Hula R. , Orr M. , Pedescleaux D. (1999). The Color of School Reform Race, Politics, and the Challenge of Urban Education, Princeton University Press Iram Y. & Wahrman H. (2003).Education of Minorities and Peace Education in Pluralistic Societies, Hillel Praeger, 2003 Mohanty, C. T. (1994). On Race and Voice Challenges for Liberal Education in the 1990s. In H. A. Giroux and P. McLaren (Eds. ), Between Borders Pedagogy and the Politics of pagan Studies (145-166). New York Routledge Slaughter D. T. , & Schneider B. L. (1986). Newcomers Blacks in private schools. Final Report to the National Institute of Education (Grant nary(prenominal) NIE-G-82-0040, Project No. 2- 0450). Evanston, IL Northwestern University, School of Education

Doing Gender Essay

One of the most seemingly overlooked topics in the society is the question on trip out and sex. In most cases, sex and gender atomic number 18 being taken as related, if non synonymous, insights in the course of sociological context. However, it is aimed in this paper to direct out that there be indeed differences between the two concepts, and these differences are significant in contextualizing sex and gender among mortals in the society.Hence, to point out clearly, sex and gender differences are essential in doing gender and assessing it. First and foremost, to do gender is perceived as to act or behave based on what had been the presupposed actions of an individual, depending mostly on his or her sex/gender assignment. There are two main types of the correlate nonions of sex and/or gender to be male or to be female. Following so, it had been long accomplished in most societies that a male individual should do according to the standards of what a male must do.These are behaviors that cat valiumly relate to physical attri thoions such as strength or power, and are manifested in ordinary actions and preferences like being sports-minded, taking engineering or mathematical courses, and the likes. On the other hand, females are taken in a less important faint-hearted, that is, by identifying her to be of weaker and of subtler tendencies, such as doing the housework, adjacent what her father says regardless of reason, and so on.It is well recognized that the household is constituted by a share of labor that defines certain kinds of work as domestic, unpaid, and usually womens, and other kinds as public, paid, and usually mens (Connel, 1987, p. 122). According to West and Zimmerman (1987), Sex was what was ascribed by biology anatomy, hormones, and physiology while gender was an achieved status that which is constructed through psychological, cultural, and social mover (p. 125).This could be a very simplified difference between sex and gender It is with how the concepts are distributed in the different fields or aspects. However, it must be understood that the difference is merely that sex is a biologic concept and gender is a social concept sex is a determination make through the application of socially agreed upon biological criteria for classifying persons as females or males (West & Zimmerman, 1987, p. 127). In this sense, sex whitethorn alike be taken in a social context, in that it applies several sociological determinants in order to call down or identify it.The categorization of an individuals sex is determined rather an by a common-sensical manner most of the time, in which the observant deduces the sex category to the sex itself of the individual in question, in absence of the more vivid biological justifications of a persons sex. It is common understanding that there had already been established social norms that contribute to the categorization of a person. The process of categorizing males and females as indigenous identities uses this test if people can be seen as members of relevant categories, then categorize them that federal agency (West & Zimmerman, 1987, p.133). Naturally, people take the identity of a person at face value, unless there is a unvoiced ground that makes them apply certain criteria that will try to test further that persons sex. Gender, quite relatively, moves on with what the society implores on ones identity. A male person must be masculine a female must be feminine. We would like to digress then, that the acceptance of sex and gender merely as concepts does not totally stop here. Gender, in some cases, goes beyond adherence to what is socially acceptable.To do gender is not constantly to live up to normative conceptions of femininity or maleness it is to engage in behavior at the risk of gender assessment (West & Zimmerman, 1987, p. 136). Therefore, we are taking into reflection the ways in which people could see further than what had merely been establi shed by the society. Doing gender is not just accepting or agreeing to what the society tells us to it is creating differences between young ladys and sons and women and men, differences that are not natural, essential, or biological (West & Zimmerman, 1987, p. 137).The differences that we would like to see revolves not only on shallow aspects but also on how we could blend these differences into going further down the line and probably initiating actions that will give a new light to the concepts of sex and gender. As what West and Zimmerman (1987) says, social change, then, must be pursued twain at the institutional and cultural level of sex category and at the interactional level of gender (p. 147). We can embellish doing gender in these following scenarios In a typical neighborhood, the wife was able to get abode from work earlier than her husband.She was wearing an old rose blouse, a matching old rose slacks, and towering heeled shoes. She went straight home after her cla sses from the town high school. She has just been recently married with her husband, and they do not have children yet. She then proceeded to do the cooking for their dinner, while at the same time, she quietly took note of her students interrogatory papers she still had to check afterward. When her (engineer) husband came, he greeted his wife and went to the kitchen where they ate their dinner. They talked about work and later agreed that the husband will wash the dishes afterwards.This routine has been in effect since the time that they got married and lived together. In this scenario, it is very clear that there is an engendered division of labor especially inside the household. The productive side is not merely given to the husband since the wife also earns through being a teacher. In a similar manner, the reproductive side is not solely attributed to the wife because they have agreed to share on doing the household chores. The gender roles are not purely associated with what is feminine or what is masculine. Even if washing the dishes may construe the feminine side, the husband still agreed on doing it.At least in this case, the duad was able to manage contradictions between relational identification and gender differentiation (Dryden, 1999, p. 87) in the sense that they both realize not only the essence of marriage as a relationship but also as a matter of gender difference that they could compromise about. Similarly, in the same neighborhood, a unretentive daughter points at a dispirited balloon. She wanted her mother to buy it for her. The old male trafficker was looking intently at the girl, commenting that because she is a girl, she should take the pink balloon instead.The little girl agitate her head and pointed at the blue balloon. Her mother was able to resolve the situation by buying the blue balloon. Simplistic in nature, this scenario may pose as a very ordinary activity, but a lot of people always see things like the way the vendor did . There are always assignments among boys and girls that boys should choose blue things and girls should choose pink things. It is almost linearly righteous to take these preferences as radiation diagram things, but it must be understood that the identity between a girl and a boy does not merely punctuate from their color or toy preferences.We cannot just assume that just because the girl was a girl, she should have a pink balloon. To do gender is to go outside the confinements of the socially-accepted norms. To do gender means not to reinforce the social norms since these could block the freedom of a person to prefer or to choose what he or she really likes. To be a boy or to be a girl does not follow with how the society must shape him or her. In this case, it is fortunate that the girls mother completely understands how to engender her child by not just adhering to the accepted norms in the society.Learning about doing gender is an important part of capacitating oneself in the sense that it makes people understand casual activities of people, male or female alike. Doing gender is vital in assessing the identities of individuals. It not only supersedes from the power of gaining knowledge, but it is more of reinventing how we deal with ourselves and other people in terms of sex and gender. The gender differences may prove to be worthwhile as basis for re-contextualizing and reconstructing the concept of gender.As in Wests book Doing Gender, Doing divergence (2002) gender is always a doing (p. 193).ReferencesConnel, R. W. (1987). Gender and Power Society, the Person, and Sexual Politics. Stanford Stanford University Press. Dryden, C. (1999). Being Married, Doing Gender A precise Analysis of Gender Relationships in Marriage. U. K. Routledge. West, C. (2002). Doing gender, doing difference inequality, power, and institutional change. U. K. Routledge. West, C. & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender and Society, 1, 125-148.

Major Religions Essay

Religions argon among the about influential impressions in history, if not the most influential at all. Most historical events that has influence or helped turnd the human being as it is immediately were founded along spiritual backgrounds and teachings. From Constantine to the fall of the Roman Empire, from European conquest to the Crusades, and from the condemnation of heretics to phantasmal terrorism, these ar events with religious influences that took part in the course of history.Even today, holiness plays an important role in multitudes actions that affect the society and even influences politics. Religion is so influential in fact that even when science has slowly displaced religious beliefs, it has remained a powerful force in dictating public opinion, compelling political leaders to act according to their standards. Religions contribution in Society Religion is an important topic in every human civilization. The culture, tradition and beliefs of people are based on trust.The importance of godliness in every human civilization, and indeed of the society, could not waste been estated more precisely in Charles Taylors foreword to Marcel Gauchets view as entitled The Disenchantment of the conception A governmental History of Religion from which he used Durkheims ideas. He explained that for Durkheim, worship was the very basis of societya pattern of practices that gives a certain shape to our social imaginary (as cited in Taylor 1997, x). Gauchet, on the other hand, explained the expansion of religion as an accompanying coating of expanding the state.He wrote wars of expansion could no doubt be justifiably considered one of the greatest spiritual and rational forces to have ever operated in history (Gauchet 1997, 36). This he reasoned by stating that religious upheaval is engraved in the maintains action, contained within its necessities as dictated by the political division. Broadening the States influence subjectivizes supernatural forces, which can only further broaden its practical scope for district by making it an intermediary for an instituting will that it administers.We see how the dialectic surrounded by the visible forces and its invisible guarantor, between the actual and presumed power, slowly draws the religious into history (1997, 40). Significant Historical Events Influenced by Religion There are quite a number of events influenced by religion that has changed the course of history, but possibly none as prominent as the establishment of Christianity. Beginning with a small sect of Jewish tradition whose members were persecuted for their beliefs, Christianity has emerged to be the most popular religion around the world today, with adherents comprising up to a third of the worlds population.Christians, during the Roman Empire, were persecuted and blamed whenever it was found convenient to blame them for some problems of the Empire. It was not until Emperor Constantine had converted to Christian ity did the religion secure its future. Apparently, Constantine held that his victory from a battle against a rival was due to his vision to fight infra the Christian standardthe cross. Christianity continued to be influential in empires succeeding the decline of the Roman Empire.The convoluted Empire, as a continuation of the Roman Empire, rose through a deep religious corporate trust along the majestic pattern of the Roman State and Hellenism. With Theodosius as emperor, pagan worships and heresies were declared illegal thereby promoting Christianity to all territories of the Empire. Some held that the twisty Empire had allowed for the widespread adoption of Christianity to Europe be defending the watt from pagan invaders from the East. The Empire also brought a close link between the state and the church in that plot of ground the emperor takes the lead, the church set a high standard in its relation to sacrilegious powers.In the threat of excommunication the western churc h discovers a powerful weapon for dealing with factious rulers (HistoryWorld). By the end of the fifth century AD, kings and popes would wield power from the Italian peninsula in the watt while emperors would still rule in the East. Christianity is much(prenominal) an important feature of the Empire that when Jerusalem fell into the hands, starting of Persia then of the Muslims, it became an urgent matter of State. As the Byzantine Empire was strengthened by the Christian faith, it set about its greatest threat with another rising religion.Islam, with its expansionist dogma, had conquered the Persian Empire and has severely crippled the Byzantine Empire that before the launching of the First Crusade Byzantium had become the boundary between the Christian West and the Muslim East. The influence of religion as a powerful force in history is perhaps best exemplified in the Crusades. The fact that the wars the Crusades waged into became a contest between the two most influential r eligions today proves this point.The size and scale of the Crusades could be attributed to the effectiveness of Pope Urban II call for military get against the infidels who threatened their Christian brothers in the East, promising the immediate remission of sins to all those who die for the cause and stating that immortal wills it. While the Crusades were ordained by the church, the destruction of its knights, particularly that of the Knights Templar, could be attributed to the interplay between the church and the state, with the church victorious on a more passive role.It could be argued that while it was under the Pope (Clement V) who found the Templars as heretics, effectively disbanding them and persecuted them, the fact that Philip IV could not have done it himself without pressuring the church proves that the church extends its influence on public opinion. The state relied on the churchs cheers and pressured it to promote its will when necessary to take shape it seem th at the states actions have the blessing of the church. After all, a king of any Christian domain would not be king until ordained by the church.Hence, it is only natural for the king to undertake the approval of the church or to make it seem they have its approval for their rule to be acceptable. The interplay between the state and the church could also be seen in the churchs influence in the scientific community. This is best exemplified in discoveries and theories that contradicts Biblical claims. The Copernican system, for example, was condemned because it contradicts the claim of man being the center of Gods creation that Galileo was forced to withdraw his findings even when he had his proof that the earth revolves around the sun.Darwins hypothesis of evolution was also met with hostilities because of its claims against religious beliefs that God created the world in six days. While science has slowly displaced religious claims, religion remains to be influential. Up until thi s day, there are anti-evolution movements that promotes the creation of man and the world by an intelligent being. Contemporary Religion Influences Frank Lambert (2008, 2), in his book, Religion in American Politics, explained that as religion shapes individual character and moral development, it thereby influences public affairs, albeit in an indirect way. As an example, he stated that through moral instruction, religion informs the values, priorities, and decisions of citizens and officeholders as they enter the voting booth and the statehouse (2008, 2). apparitional groups, Lambert continued to explain, also become more directly involved in the political process. They anteroom Congress to enact or oppose specific legislation, participate in electoral politics on behalf of candidates who support their agendas, and offer the full range of their institutional resources to sympathetic political parties (Lambert 2008, 2).It is important to note that such connection between the state and religion is not limited to America. Religions around the world continue to maintain its influence in political affairs by stirring their adherents and promoting their stands into public opinion. This is especially seen in Christian countries. While religious groups continue to play an important role in political affairs, extremist factions of religious origins assert their influence in a more violent manner. unearthly terrorism is perhaps the most dangerous, complex and persistent problem the world has faced.Juergensmeyer held that perpetrators in religious terrorism place religious images of comprehend strugglecosmic warin the service of worldly political battle (as cited in Gary 2001). Religious terrorism is a tactic in political strategy while at the same snip evoking a much larger spiritual confrontation. Muslim terrorist, for example, continue to call on the divine doctrine of jihad in the destruction of infidels. Much as it has united the Muslims during the Muslim con quests, it continues to have an appeal for extremists into utilise violence in promoting their ideals.Note that religious terrorism does not encompass solely on Islam. passim the world, violence committed in the name of religion occurs. Conclusion Time and again, we see that the influence of religion in worldly affairs can dictate much of what happens in the course of history. Major battles have indeed been waged in the name of religion in the past. We see this through the Crusades, the Muslim conquests, and the religious wars in the sixteenth century. Stately affairs must have the approval of the church, or every action of the state must seem to have its approval.Even the scientific community is influenced by religion, especially with scientific theories and discoveries contradicting religious claims. Today, religion still has a major influence in political affairs, providing moral instructions to their adherents whose approval political parties must win and pressuring legislatio n in favor of their moral doctrines. In the guise of spiritual confrontation, religion is also exerting its influence through violent means. Despite the technologies and philosophies that has come in modern age, religion continues to be a powerful influence in dictating the course of history.ReferencesGary, Jay. 2001. Unmasking religious terrorism. http//jaygary. com/terrorism. shtml Gauchet, Marcel. 1997. The Disenchantment of the World A Political History of Religion. Ed. Oscar Burge. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press. HistoryWorld. History of the Byzantine Empire. http//www. historyworld. net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories. asp? historyid=ac59 Lambert, Frank. 2008. Religion in American Politics A Short History. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press. Taylor, Charles. 1997. Foreword to The Disenchantment of the World A Political History of Religion by Marcel Gauchet. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press.

Diversity in America

The nurture I gather in interpreted from the join States roughly diversity has not help me to better over stand the, and extend to to opposite dissimilar from the past. I would say that the diversity issue in this country has made me real aw atomic number 18 that we as a country set out a long way to go when it comes to diversity. The in systemation I have processed and have been taught or so diversity in this kingdom is how to effectively theme upon other beliefs and upbringing to track with biases.The information I have learned in this course thats been the most insightful were the discussion question and the mix array of answer and point of views was expressed about various topics. This onlyowed me the opportunity to see first and the differences of opinions and reality. I have learned a great deal about the various struggles of my ethnic group and other ethnic groups during my studies in this class.Its easy to spring up polarized in mavins own thought process and experiences without seeking over standing form others experiences who have suffered and victimized by prejudices and discrimination throughout history as easily. Such as the indigene American and the American Asian, are a small group of minorities who have experience in justness and a lack of acceptances in main stream American. I believe by the year 2050 the unite States depart have changed look and feel whither immigration and demographics are concern. American will have changed importantly whites will no longer be in the majority.The U. S. minority cosmos, currently 30 percent, is expected to pass away 50 percent before 2050. No other advanced country will see such(prenominal) diversity most of Americas population rickth will be among its minorities, as well as in a growing mixed-race population. Latino and Asian populations are expected to nearly triple, and the children of immigrants will become more prominent. Currently in the United States, about 25% of children unde r age 5 are Hispanic it is estimated that by 2050, that percentage will be almost 40 percent.Changing patterns of immigration have put the United States on a short road to a population diversity never before experienced by any nationa population in which all races and ethnicities are part of minority groups that make up a complex wholly. Bearing in mind that this nation at the same time, will be growing older the aging population of baby boomers who are concerned about running out of money before they run out of life and about the increasing cost of health care will have a large impact of the coming(prenominal) trends of America.These demographic trends will play out differently in different states and regions, with some areas seeing exploding populations mend others experience declining based upon current studies. As America continues to grow more diverse a ample challenge to overcome is the acceptance and over standing of each individual race and culture that makes up thats gr eat nation. Its sad to see, that even today the lines of separation are far change integrity by hate and a lack of over standing. This lack will have a command effect on our future and how will communicate and exist with each other.Diversity helps society to grow as individuals and open our minds to different ways of life. When we are exposed to different ways to live, we see how other cultures hold back on we are no longer closed to the idea that we are indeed all different in some way, and those differences are beneficial to our changing world. Diversity also promotes more tolerance allowing the great unwashed the opportunity to see other as a lesson of growth help us to accept other cultures, and even adapt some of their ways within our society.The differences that we have between us can be used to strengthen society as we know it. Diversity allows us the opportunity to learn, grow, understand unseasoned ways of living, and experience life to the fullest. Without diversity, w e are closed off in our own worlds. But with it, we overdraw our knowledge and we are no longer ignorant. When you are aware of the differences and embrace them, then you have taken the blind fold off to living differently and you are a better person for it.The mark is exposure and using what you learned to increase more tolerance and decrease things such as racism. pathetic preceding America can foster an environment and commitment of pluralism teaching through acceptance and benignant with other from who are different. Without any engagement or relationship with one another pluralism can be achieve. We key way to see this happening is through the media. Because the media is known for polarizing people of color in a negative light they could start to report news fairly and accurately.Also changing their advertising and programming begin without stereotypes and outlandish perceptions. Engagement with other creates a common society for all, diversity as a whole is pluralism pl ain and simple embracing each other for our differences. Yes, in that respect are some people who salve feel threatened by diversity, or even hostile to it. Throughout America history there have been groups that have expressed prejudice and intolerance toward people of color and cultures however as we grow as a nation we need to look forward to the day when all these differences fade away.The United States faces many challenges in diversity of its many people, and there is still a large percent of the population that supports racism and bigotry. If we dont make these changes we will not be able to move forward in the United States racially and culturally this is not just a problem with white people, it is a problem facing all the different cultures in the world because racism has many colors, fearing of something new scaring everybody, nevertheless with it comes change and I hope that we all could get along in this world and every one occupies.The world and United States has come a long way in battling this war on racism, alone it is still has many miles to move ahead before people could see that although different we are all people. The more diverse we become racially and ethnically, the more important it is that we learn to tolerate differences and also to preserve what we all have in common. Whether we came to the United States voluntarily or involuntarily, we all choose to live here now. And more people want to live here than anywhere else in the world.

Michelangelo, from Renaissance to Mannerism Essay - 1

Michelangelo, from spiritual rebirth to affectedness - Essay Example(Cheney, 47) Michelangelos ceiling in the Sistine Chapel, is an example of Italian High Renaissance. Other examples include Leonardos Last Supper, and Raphaels naturalise of Athens. The Last Judgment, was a paradigm of Mannerism as seen in the elongation of the figures and distortions of proportion. This is in contrast to his Florentine figures of Bacchus, David, and Doni Madonna which are formed in mediaeval fashion. (Cheney, 54)Michelangelo was born in 1475 in a wealthy family near Florence. (Matthews and Platt,73) At the age of 13, he essential an extraordinary talent in drawing, and by his 14th birthday he was placed as an assimilator in the workshop of Domenico Ghirlandaio.(Matthews and Platt, 73) It was in Ghirlandaios workshop that Michelangelo learned the fundamentals of fresco painting. Michelangelos ceiling in the Sistine chapel, is an example of Italian High Renaissance. Other examples include Leona rdos Last Supper, and Raphaels School of Athens. The style known as Mannerism was predominant Italy, France, Netherlands, Germany and Spain between 1530 and 1600. Michelangelo is the representative of Mannerism, who stated that foreshortening is among the most severe in the art of painting. The Mannerist had to free himself from the realities of this earth like a visionary and soar into higher ghostlike spheres. To be a Mannerist, one had to be an eccentric, withstand ingenious mental experiments, subordinate himself to the dominion of the intellectual instead of natural intuition, enjoy toying with incongruous ideas, place the artificial before normality, be subject to the theoretical side and be enthusiastic and delight in the reckless distortion of his materials. The traditionally-minded artists stayed on the Renaissance artistic scope. (Cheney, 56)The father and creator of the Mannerist movement was Michelangelo. The special groups of artists who copied the maniera di Michelan gelo in the sixteenth century were known as

Cultural profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Cultural profile - turn out ExampleSocial groups mostly share a number of characteristics including involving the use of a common language, sacramental manduction cultural values and as tumefy as sharing norms and traditional values (Chelidze 12). The Muslim based believers are also mostly portrayed badly as well as negatively by the media systems in the confederation (Chelidze 10). For example, I totally support Muslim faiths, and I have experience a number of secernment and prejudices in the society. This usually provides bad relationship and poor interaction between Muslim individuals and other people the society. Stereotypes, discrimination, as well as prejudices based on individual cultural identities and ethnicity systems, form some of the problems that the Islamic-based spiritual individuals are facing in the United States (Chelidze 13). According to recent religious studies and reports, racial group, ethnicity as well as religious group of an individual role play a gr eater role towards heterogeneous social activities in their life including their marriage practices, communication practices and their perceptions about life in general (Verkuyten 357).Therefore, the chief(prenominal) aim and purpose of this paper is to discuss various social identities and religious beliefs and values including the Caucasic ethnicity, as well as the Islamic religion. The paper will specifically deal with the social identities covering ascription as well as avowal identity systems and how it influences my social interaction with others in the societyThe Caucasian race is mostly found in North America, Europe, parts of Asia as well as in some regions in Africa. Historically, various historians believed that there were two races especially the Mongolians and the Caucasians. According to these anthropologists, the Caucasians were more likeable and brilliant than Mongolians especially due to their light skin and moral values (Verkuyten 355). The Caucasian group was also intimately associated with individuals

Entrepreneurship Skills for Engineers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Entrepreneurship Skills for Engineers - turn up ExampleLearning-based sham minimizes time through a learning loop. The intention of the lecture to engineers and innovators is to preserve resources and tiller best uses of them maculation making discoveries.Business plan or business movement serves as an decision maker summary of the highly comminuted business plan. It gets an entrepreneur out of the building and tests the concept of the market. A detailed business case envisions benefits over a reasonable period that outweighs costs and risks. The weak business case does not justify moving forward with a comprehensive business plan. It renders it challenging to estimate the relent on investment.Commercializing an idea involves building, measuring, and learning. The building is turning ideas into harvest-homes. Measuring pertains to customers response to the products generated. Learning results in the decision make on whether to pivot or persevere. Innovation intersects invent ion and market insights. In essence, it is the process of changing ideas into products while market insight is identifying customers needs in the market. Innovation may also involve improvements on an invented product to improve acceptance in the market.The presenter outlines various steps to the nail it then scales its process. There are five distinct stages. First, nail the pain. Second, nail the solution. The third stage involves nailing the go-to-market strategy. The fourth stage involves nailing the business model. The 5th stage is to scale it. Nailing the pain is identifying the problem and the possible solutions. Nailing the solution is selecting the best solution to the problem. Nailing the go-to-market strategy involves merchandise of the idea or product and evaluating the perception of potential customers. The business model has several sections that require an address. It ends at the completion of the business plan. Scaling the business entails knowing the potential co mpetitors and determining the size of the business.Business model canvas has ninekey factors that a business must have.

What is the Communicative approach to Language Learning Outline the Essay

What is the Communicative approach to Language Learning Outline the acquisition theories on which it is based - Essay ExampleSo, now learning English for any professional or a student has become mandatory to excel in the selected trade. There are a routine of ways a expression that is usually foreign to students is taught. Language expertise or even gnomish knowledge to communicate properly or rather thoroughly express is the intension. It is well known that valet psychologist say a topic or a subject is well remembered or understood when it is taught in an interactive format for that matter in a communicative approach.Students were previously taught with the aid of audio media such as cassettes which spell the language and some times even translate the grammar of the foreign language. They were known as audio lingual and grammar translation methods. These did not give learning an enough realistic feeling that is they could not teach real time usage that is appropriate social l anguage, gestures, expressions and were not able to communicate in the culture of the language studied. Slowly a new approach to teach foreign language has mushroomed in 1970s and it was named communicative-style of teaching where usage of authentic language and classroom exchanges took place. Students here were made to communicate with logger students and teachers with mock situations being created.Language interaction is explained asLanguage is interaction it is interpersonal activity and has a clean relationship with the society. In this light , language study has to look at the use of language context, both its linguistic context(what is uttered before and after a given piece of discourse) and its social or situational, context (who is speaking, what their social roles are, why they have come together to speak). (Berns, 1984)A teacher or an teacher would have already planned the schedule to follow and practice exercises. Here the focus is basically on implementing the procedure s to learn the language rather than talking in it. The schedule scheduled needs to be dependable in pairs for the sake

Transport Issues in Developing Cities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Transport Issues in Developing Cities - Essay ExampleIt addresses the similarity and differences that represent between the transport situation in Lagos being a city from a lesser genuine nation and the situation as portrayed by New York and capital of the United Kingdom being cities from the substantial nations of the world. go on analysis is presented herein in relation the extent to which logos city might benefit from the experiences of the cities from developed nations that is New York and London.Over the years since 1995 Lagos is city characterized by interlockingity with a wide range of scotch activities taking place. It is the largest urban center in Nigeria. The population of Lagos is approximated to be roughly 17.8 million (Oni 2004, p.35). In intimately cases when a city is large and as continues to acquire growth and development it becomes more and more complex having increased potential for diverse disruptions especially in relation to the transport network hence t he carry for the manager of the complexity in an effective manner. In addressing the similarities and differences in transportation in the cities mentioned it is rather all important(p) to note that the productivity of urban centres is highly dependable on the effectiveness and efficiency of the centres system of transportation to facilitate movement of labor, that of consumers as well as freight from one address to another (National Transport Policy for Nigeria 2003, p.54). In addition, important terminals of transportation for instance airports, rail yards, and ports that are hardened within urban cities are known to be contributing factors leading to transportation problems.There is quite a wide range of similarities that exist between the situation of transport in Lagos and that of New York and London since 1995.

A global organizational theory for the 21st century Assignment

A global organisational theory for the 21st one C - Assignment ExampleOrganizational theory, in the present era has sire imperative for effective mathematical operation of the organization in global environment. Organizational theory provides modern manipulation to the managers to perform better task in the organization for attaining specific objectives of the organization and deliver goods or work to consumers in such a way that there is maximization of profit at the end of the transaction.This newsprint tries to cover the brief description of global organizational theory in the 21st century cover all the modern management theories. The rest of the project includes all the recent issues related to ethics, politics, cross pagan communication and parochialism and ethnocentricism. Lastly it emphasizes on the results of implementing new things in the organization for global relations and terconnectedness.Organizational Behavior whoremaster be defined as the study of what mass think, feel and do in and around the organizations. It is the activities of the tribe who ar working together in an organization to reach common goals or objectives. Organization consists of people with attitudes, cultures, beliefs, norms and principles. The Organizational Behavior facilitates the procedure of explaining, understanding, predicting, and maintaining and altering employees behavior in organizational surroundings.Leadership in the 21st century brings changes in conceptualize thinking, personal practice, organizational application. Leadership qualities develop in the individuals who have the capacity to influence, cause and inspire others. 21st century leadership is holistic in nature and is related to mind, heart, spirit and zip fastener of the individuals. Leadership development shifts from the individual to the group of people. In the present scenario, leaders always try to assert them update and overcome the weakness by understanding them (Sandmann & Vandenberg, 1995). Global Organizational Theory An organization is a designed social structure where groups of individuals work collectively to meet certain common objectives. Organizational theories be the backbone of the field of organizational studies. This has the purpose for analyzing the resources of the organization particularly human resources for understanding the structures, the functions and the properties for increasing the productivity and gratification. It is the study of organizations to solve problems, meet the needs of stakeholders and maximize the efficiency and output. Classical theory put transport that there is a single way to generate and run an organization. But current theory practice diverse approach of the organization based on its size, technical requirements, situation, environment and nature of industry. Since the organizational theories ar interdisciplinary in their approach, diverse fields such as sociology, anthropology, economics, psychology and political science are described in this theory. Organizational studies apply facts and modeling with other social science for proper functioning of the organization (ISCID, 2005). Management Theory The modern management theory was evolved in the nineteenth century and in the twentieth century revolution, the management theory changed from traditional theory to the Japanese management approach. Through these theories managers of the organizat

Safety Tents and Other Non Permanant Buildings Essay

Safety Tents and Other Non Permanant Buildings - Essay ExampleThese shelters take numerous forms, including a traditional tentlike structure. virtuoso of the main advantages of these protective structures is that they are incredibly strong in relation to the weight of their components. Therefore, they washbowl be rapidly deployed by two to four people.Kevlars superiority stems from its minimal vibration transfer (Kayak Terapad). It can be molded and shaped, yet maintains its structural integrity. Therefore, it enhances the users safety in numerous seek and impact scenarios.One of the military uses for such shelters is the Chemical Biological Protected Shelter System (CBPSS) (Business conducting wire 1997). They are intended for battlefield use against biological or chemical weapons assault. A company called Chemfab has positive the Kevlar-based fabric. The shelter also reduces lingering air contamination following a chemical or ballistic explosion.Homeland Security is using such a device in dirty bomb control. This variety is called a Universal Containment System, and it was developed by Vanguard Response Sytems in Canada (Popular Mechanics 2004). The ballistic loathsome tent contains a foam that suppresses the detonation blast. At present, the system can only suppress a bomb the size of a book bag. The technology will be developed to contain a truck bomb, like the one deployed at the World Trade Center in 1993.A same application is called the Chemical Biological Explosives Containment System (CBECS). It consists of a seven foot inflatable tent that contains a water-based foam, which not only contains the explosion, but it also puts out any chemically-based fires that may ignite (Patent Storm 2007). The strong structure can cover an explosive device, which is then deployed relatively safely (DOD Tech Match).These tents are promptly being made for the general public by Zumro, Inc. The Chemical/Biological Counterterrorism

Evaluate the Role of Market Research in the Decision Making Process of Essay

assess the Role of Market Research in the Decision Making Process of an Organisation - Essay spokespersonMostly, the firm undertakes a study of a sm altogether sector of the population and the data collected represents the spotless population. For example, married women who work in Bristol and are between the successions of 30-45 shadower be used to represent all urban women who work in the United Kingdom. The Role of Market Research in the decision making process of an governing In order to reach and appeal to the target commercialize, organizations utilize strategies that enhance the victory of their activities in the market. For example, Arbitron conducted market research that indicates people who frequently attend movies say that commercials on television cannot be termed more acceptable than commercials aired in the lead the start of the movie. 53% of people who frequent cinema halls relegate movie advertising more acceptable only 46% contend that television advertisin g can be termed as acceptable. The research also indicated that 59% of people who attend movies remember the commercials they watched on the screens before the start of the movies (Wiley 2012, p. 4). The study also indicated that advertising using cinema can be regarded as the outflank way of connecting with the younger generation. Movie theaters adverts reach 124 million people or 45 percent of Americans from the age of 12 years. 67% percent of adults between the ages of 18 and 24 years frequent movie theaters in every 30 days. The collection of such data during market research plays an essential role in informing the decision making process of an organization (Wiley 2012, p. 4). In the decision making process of an organization, market research plays a number of roles. First, market research contributes significantly to the merchandising system, especially in the marketing intelligence feedback process. It provides management with data regarding the effectiveness of the marketing mix that the organization relies on in the market. found on this, an organization will be in a position to identify the necessary changes that ought to be made in the marketing mix. In addition, market research plays a crucial role when the organization wants to explore new opportunities available in the market. This is accomplished through new product research, which enables an organization to mark decisions on how to structure the product to meet the demands of the customers. For example, an organization declares decisions on branding and packaging of the products (McDaniel & Gates 1998, p. 5). another(prenominal) role of market research in decision making emanates from the crucial role that it plays in fortune the management understand the needs of the customers. In the modern world, market research provides many organizations with the necessary companionship on the customers needs. As a result, the organization will be in a position to make decisions that will enhance the r etention of customers and customer loyalty. Consequently, this will lead to job satisfaction and employee retention as employees becomes effective while serving loyal customers (McDaniel & Gates 1998, p. 7). Statistics in a study conducted by Bain and conjunction indicates that a reduction in the rate of customer defection can boost the profits by 25 percent up to 95 percent. Apart from assisting the organization to understand the ne